Introduction to 秋瑾Qiu Jin and 精衛石 Stones of the Jingwei Bird
Qiu Jin was a revolutionary feminist of the turn of the twentieth century who was executed for attempting to overthrow the Qing dynasty. She saw herself as a 俠女Xia Nu, a female knight abiding by the code of chivalry and honor, obeying a higher cause, renaming herself 鑑湖女俠 Jian Hu Nu Xia, Lady Knight of Mirror Lake.
Stubborn and single minded, all of her writing and speeches bang on about one topic only, the injustice of Chinese feudal society towards women. Though her feet were bound from childhood, she practiced martial arts and planned to help the revolution by becoming an assassin. While in Japan, she became active in societies which advocated for a revolutionary overthrow of the Chinese government. She was a dramatic and colorful person, who has been the subject of so many legends that it’s difficult to figure out what she truly was like as a person.
Upon her return to China, she started and released just two issues of a women’s newspaper in Shanghai called 中國女報 Zhongguo Nu Bao, which was promptly shut down by the government. However, very shortly after her return, in 1907, she was arrested in connection with an assassination attempt of an official executed by a public beheading.
She was 31 years old when she died, and she was never able to complete a projected novel titled 精衛石Stones of the Jingwei Bird.[1] In legend, Jingwei was the daughter of 神農 Shen Nong, and after drowning to death in the Eastern sea, she was transformed into a bird. As revenge, she set herself the seemingly impossible task of filling the Eastern sea with stones, carrying one stone at a time in her beak. The phrase 精衛填海 Jingwei tian hai, literally Jingwei fills the sea, represents this stubbornness. Qiu Jin was exceedingly stubborn, and over a century later, the stone gathering work she started continued. Chinese young feminists make pilgrimages to her tomb[2] where she is venerated as both a martyr to feminist causes and to the creation of modern China.[3]
Her incomplete novel Stones of the Jingwei Bird is still just a draft, and in general, Qiu Jin was more focused on delivering a single message than developing a literary style. After all, she was an activist who didn’t care about literature, and it shows. It is better to understand her unfinished novel, of which only six chapters exist, as a wuxia novel loosely based on her own life. In it, a group of girls flee China for Japan where they are connected to an underground society seeking to overthrow the Qing Dynasty government. If you have read other wuxia novels, this is basically the plot line of all of them, but the unique part about Qiu Jin's novel is the concept of having non-martial artist upper class girls with bound feet take center stage as the heroes. Qiu Jin's ambition and desire for heroism shine through this work of pulp fiction, and I think the concept alone and her personality makes it worth translating into English so that an Anglophone audience could have a closer understanding of her work and her life.
I used an AI program in order to render the translation, and then compared it to the original Chinese text, deleting some extraneous parts and adding a couple notes about the way that certain phrases were translated. I plan to go over it again later and add more annotations to give readers greater clarity on the context, but for now, I want to just publish this as a pilot version since no English version exists yet. I did not include the introduction, since there is an official version that already exists, referenced below. I would also love to know if anyone has attempted to complete the novel, since there are a total of 20 proposed chapters.
[1] See Freedman, E. B. (2007). The Essential Feminist Reader. “Qiu Jin’s Stones of the Jingwei Bird.” New York: Random House for a translation of the introductory pages of the novel.
[2] Hong-Fincher, Leta. (2018). Betraying Big Brother: The Feminist Awakening in China. Verso.
[3] Ying, H. (2007). Qiu Jin’s Nine Burials: The Making of Historical Monuments and Public Memory. Modern Chinese Literature and Culture, 19(1), 138–191.
Chapter One: In the Sleepy Country, Women Suffer in the Dark Prison; Awakening to a Bright Sky, Heroic Women Descend Upon the Land of White Clouds.
Patriotic feelings run deep, almost to the point of obsession. I find myself composing ballads beneath the lamp. The current situation is so urgent, yet my compatriots remain oblivious. I lament how many brave men have sacrificed their lives, merely to restore the country, never hesitating to die for the cause. Meanwhile, there are those who are only interested in empty fame, arrogantly claiming to be extraordinary and indulging in vanity: pretending to have courage and virtue, they boast in front of the altar, but their true nature is revealed when they embrace courtesans beneath the flowers. They hold titles and positions, basking in glory, but are driven by self-interest and personal gain, seeking honor and wealth through manipulation. These fashionable so-called revolutionaries are mere servants and lackeys to the powerful. What care do they have for the insults of the common people? They embrace the status of third-class servants, knowing nothing of their shared ancestry or their people, serving foreign powers as if they were beasts of burden. The revolutionary heart burns like fire, yet my compatriots remain as ignorant as pigs! I express my anger in vain, wishing to assist my country, but the pain of helplessness continues. What can be done? I shall wait for the right moment, and meanwhile, I will pen my words like the myth of the Jingwei bird, in the hope that my fellow sisters will read and reflect, offering their thoughts in quiet contemplation under the lamp.
The Story of the Kingdom of Huaxu: It is said that in the East, there is a country called Huaxu, though no one remembers how many years have passed since its founding. All that is known is that its king is surnamed Huang, and he is honored as the Han Emperor, a title passed down through generations. The early Han emperors were wise, but the descendants grew lazy, often sleeping through entire eras, and sometimes even dying in their sleep without realizing it. The throne would often be usurped by outsiders, and the people of the kingdom remained unaware. Why is this so? It is because the ministers, both inside and outside the court, suffered from a peculiar form of confusion, compounded by nearsightedness. As a result, the throne would be stolen by foreign invaders, and the people would still praise the emperor as wise and benevolent, offering flattery and obedience, all the while failing to notice that foreign rulers had taken control, oppressing their own people and imposing higher taxes. Ministers, seeking personal gain, would cheerfully serve the new rulers, and were even willing to kill their fellow countrymen to please them. Those who saw the truth and tried to warn others were labeled as traitors and swiftly executed. Among the officials, any who were clear-sighted and not blinded by corruption could never hold their position for long. It is strange: a person who is upright and wise upon entering the court would often be struck with confusion and nearsightedness, as if their vision were clouded by selfish desires. As outsiders saw the kingdom’s leaders grow more confused, they began to seize land and territories, dividing them among themselves, while the ministers continued to sing songs of peace, all the while searching for any remaining patriots to silence. Such is the situation in the kingdom of Huaxu today. For thousands of years, this has been a land where the most unjust and oppressive customs persist, particularly the extreme bias against women. These men have created barbaric laws and practices that trap women, attempting to convince them that “a woman’s lack of talent is her virtue,” ensuring that women do not read or gain knowledge. By keeping them uneducated and confined to the home, men elevate their own status, viewing women as little more than slaves or animals. But little do they realize that men and women are born equal, both endowed with the same abilities, wisdom, and strength, with equal rights and duties before heaven. Yet women are denied the chance to read or explore the world, relegated to domesticity, losing their potential to men who continue to dominate and suppress them. How hateful is this injustice!
Alas! How pitiable it is that since the binding of my feet, I am confined to sitting in my room every day, unable to move. Often, there are things I could do, but because my feet cannot walk, I cannot do them, truly resembling a person who has died halfway. My face turns pale, my body weakens, my muscles and bones shrink, and I sit still all day long. The blood in my body cannot circulate properly, leading to illnesses like tuberculosis; even if I do not get tuberculosis, my limbs become weak, and every joint in my body aches. If these diseases are common, they are all women’s ailments—you will never see men suffering from such pains. Childbirth is considered a terrifying ordeal for women, a life-and-death struggle. This is all caused by foot-binding, which restricts the blood flow and blocks the bones, preventing them from functioning properly. If women had natural, unhindered feet, able to move freely and independently, I can guarantee they would not suffer from these ailments. It is unheard of that in the East and the West, there are women who die from childbirth, nor do we hear of any woman in foreign lands suffering from foot pain—only Chinese women suffer from these afflictions. Thus, the harm caused by foot-binding is endless. Why do we women willingly sacrifice our lives and endure pain in a pair of feet that are broken, shrunk, and filled with suffering? Often, women's ailments are a hundred times harder to treat. Is it truly difficult to treat them? It is because we do not value ourselves, we do not seek knowledge or skills to support ourselves, but rely entirely on men, ingratiating ourselves, flattering them, and trying all sorts of ways to please them. When we hear that men like small feet, we don’t even care for our own lives and tightly bind our feet. We wrap them tightly with cloth, adding bands and tight shoes, until we are left to crawl along the walls, twisting our steps with each movement, unable to move an inch. We spend every day like a crippled, lifeless figure, adorned with makeup and fine clothes, trying to make our husbands love us. But in reality, they treat us like toys, like birds or flowers. We never have a say in our own lives. Moreover, the husbands may not love us because of our small feet, even if they initially seem to care. If they become tired of us over time, they will marry another woman, cast us aside, and treat us like strangers. Then, we sit in the cold, isolated in silence, enduring the pain of neglect. If we complain, they may beat or scold us, and no one will speak up for us. If we go to others for help, they will call us jealous, spiteful women, turning us into a laughingstock. They will keep us confined, like prisoners, with no way to escape, suffering without a way to voice our pain. If we encounter a wicked mother-in-law, she may treat us even worse, as though we are a prisoner in a cell, tormenting us until we are reduced to nothing. The son’s mistakes are blamed on the wife; if anything goes missing, she is accused of stealing it and sending it to her parents’ home. Even if the son is a bad person, it’s blamed on the wife for corrupting him. If anything goes wrong in the household, like a business failure or a death, it’s considered the wife’s fault. We are treated like objects, like slaves, and no one cares for us. If we die from this abuse, they quickly marry another woman, just as easily as replacing an object. The men have come to see women as playthings, as cattle or horses—disposable. This has become the natural order: a woman is used, then discarded for a new one. Life is the same, and death is even more indifferent. Today, you sing and celebrate, but tomorrow, you replace your wife with a younger, more beautiful one. Where is the pain, the sympathy, or the feelings between husband and wife? And if a woman lives for three years without dying, she is considered unlucky. As for child brides, they suffer even worse. Many are tortured to death, becoming victims in this miserable world of women. These are the consequences of women not seeking their own livelihoods and skills but focusing only on binding their feet and adorning themselves to please men. They become entirely dependent on men, with no sense of independence, which leads to their suffering and torment. There are some women who are favored by their husbands and do not suffer from this torment, living in wealth and respect, thinking that they are enjoying the highest happiness. Yet they fail to realize that many women endure these painful hardships. Even when they are told of it, they think, “What does it have to do with me? I haven’t suffered.” They fail to understand that those who burn incense and pray to the gods believe that the gods can relieve suffering and hardship. But dear ladies! If you do not show compassion to help the suffering, you are greatly betraying the will of the gods. How can you expect blessings? If those of you with wealth and power would show compassion—whether by offering money or influence—and open workshops for women to learn skills, or schools for women to study, enabling them to support themselves and avoid such suffering, this would bring far greater merit than burning incense, chanting sutras, or praying to the gods. I believe that in the future, these women, freed from suffering, will remember and be grateful to you, more than they will ever be to the gods. This is the true, everlasting merit, but why is it that no one is willing to do it? My dear sisters, those of you who cannot stand on your own—make haste and resolve to become independent! Those of you who are already independent—extend your heart to help all the suffering women in the world. Do not delay any longer. We women have been oppressed for so long, and it truly hurts! Let me continue to share with you the harsh laws that have bound us, laws that are like...
The heavy nets and the heavenly snares, the closed confines of the inner chambers, what can be done? Tortured beyond endurance, contemplating suicide—poisoning, hanging, or throwing oneself into a river. The world is dim and miserable, with the souls of the unjust crying out in the city. The sky is dark, and within the chambers, there are many suffering prisoners. This is the true hell, worse than the infernos of the underworld. How I lament, how I pity the women, who are innocent but tortured!
What is even more hateful, sorrowful, painful, and laughable is:
Parents rely entirely on the matchmaker’s words, hastily arranging marriages. They are just concerned with the present comfort and sustenance, not caring whether the match is one of cruelty or justice. They labor under the illusion of love, but they choose based on money, not virtue! Once a woman enters the household as a wife, her honor and disgrace are left to fate. Like a crow in a colorful phoenix’s feathers, or a prisoner who, though pardoned, cannot escape. Her resentment fills the sky, but no one listens.
This poison has been spreading for over two thousand years. The emperor often sleeps and is unaware, so the people call him the “sleeping king,” and foreigners call it the “sleeping kingdom.” Who knows, when the emperor dies, the crown prince is still young, and the foolish ministers are embroiled in infighting. A prince, who is not the rightful heir but the son of a courtesan, ascends the throne. This courtesan, who had relationships with several other men, falsely claims the child was the emperor’s brother’s. The foolish emperor believes her, bringing them into the palace and accepting them as his wife and child. The courtesan's son, after growing up, seizes the throne through manipulation and trickery, while the ministers, no matter who the emperor is, kowtow and fawn over him, even as he falls into delirium. The people call him the “sleeping king,” and the court’s affairs fall under the queen mother’s control.
Now, the Queen Mother of the Jade Pool, upon hearing of the endless suffering of women on earth, cannot bear it any longer. She learns of the relentless oppression of women and the inequities they face and resolves to take action. She considers the natural equality of men and women, recognizing that women too have great potential and strength. She decides to send divine beings to help. Over the next two thousand years, the grievances of women grow, and she dispatches a host of powerful and virtuous female and male immortals to aid in the fight for women’s rights.
The immortal women who are called upon include figures such as Mulan, Qin Liangyu, Shen Yunying, and others who have made their mark in history. The men include great heroes like Yue Fei, Wen Tianxiang, and Zheng Chenggong. They come together to join forces and fight for the rights and dignity of women.
Together, they enter the palace to receive their orders, as the Queen Mother of the Jade Pool has decreed that women must no longer suffer in silence and oppression.
At that moment, the Queen Mother spoke, detailing the situation of the mortal world: “I send you not for other purposes, but to reform the old world. Sweep away the corrupting influence and stabilize the nation. Men and women must have equal rights. Human rights are given by heaven, and there should be no distinction between men and women. Women have not yet realized their ambitions, but now is the time for them to carry on the spirit of the past and create a new, brighter world. We must not let the poisonous air of resentment spread any longer. The men, with the lingering hatred of the barbarians yet to be extinguished, should now take action to avenge past grievances. Men and women must work together in unity, for that is true beauty. Forty million men and women must have no distinction between them. Wake up the foolish and drowsy people of the “sleeping country,” unite, and do not fear the difficulties. The splendid country must be reformed, and we must not let the barbarian filth taint the central plains.”
The Queen Mother finished her instructions. Everyone was excited, full of joy, and they all bowed and left.
The immortals gradually descended to the mortal world, taking their time to reincarnate. The author does not intend to discuss supernatural matters, as it is well known that gods, immortals, and ghosts are mere illusions. Furthermore, many women in our country are deeply devoted to Buddhism, praying, building temples, and offering sacrifices to monks, fearing that they will offend the gods or spirits. They worship wooden idols, believing that their suffering is a result of their own sins, hoping for divine protection, fearing divine wrath. Everything is built on illusion, and they waste money on these false idols. What is even more laughable is that for the most important matters like marriage, they consult the gods, shaking divination sticks to determine their fate. For illnesses and poverty, they leave it to destiny, not thinking of supporting themselves or maintaining their health. Life is the most spiritual thing, but how can wood and clay have spirit? Constantly worshiping does no good, and in fact, it leads to poverty and misfortune throughout life. Gods, immortals, and ghosts are all tales to deceive people. These lies are told to fool ignorant men and women, allowing others to swindle gold and silver. When you face water, fire, and war, how often do you see a god or an immortal come to your rescue? In the past, there was talk of the red lantern, but the goddess was merely a prostitute in disguise. Whatever master or method, in the end, it was foreigners who killed them. False words, deceitful language, all for nothing, yet the court believed them. The disasters that followed were uncontrollable, with the Eight-Nation Alliance invading Beijing, slaughtering people and leaving blood everywhere. Most of the victims were small-footed women. This shows that all the myths are false, and we must stop worshiping these wooden idols. Only true heroes with loyalty and righteousness remain, and their names are remembered by the people. Their contributions save our nation. They defend the country and the people, leaving their righteous spirit behind. Such people will be revered for ten thousand years. If we can live in this world together, we must protect our nation, our families, and our people. How can we allow ourselves to be suppressed by foreign invaders, with our four hundred million compatriots enslaved? If men and women could live like the ancients, with both literary and martial skills, how deep our happiness would be! Driving out the foreign invaders is not difficult; it is easy to restore the old world. But now, we wait in despair with no one to help, the pressure from within and the threat from outside; the Han people are enslaved, suffering terribly with blood stains everywhere. In these years, how many righteous men have been killed, all of them Han souls? Mines, railways, and harbors are all given to foreigners. The suffering of the people is never considered, while the court spends its time in song and dance, entertaining foreign ministers. Year after year, the reparations continue to drain the people’s wealth. Meanwhile, the people suffer, and the court remains indifferent. If anyone speaks up in protest, they are punished in public. This cruelty and evil is to send the nation to others. How could this be, when the rulers of the land are not even Han? They only seek the approval of foreigners, so they can secure their own positions. Even if China falls, they will still maintain their small court. The only suffering is for the Han people, who are left with nothing. I urge my fellow Han countrymen to wake up and stop procrastinating, to wash away our shame and restore our spirit. Everyone must work together to protect our country, or else we will live in regret for generations.
Now, let me return to the story of one family. The Huang family of Zhejiang had a son named Si Hua, who was appointed as the prefect. He was a young man who rose to prominence, coming from a scholarly family. His ancestors had served in government positions, and he was well-regarded for his honesty and integrity. His father had served as an official in the Fujian region, and he had lived a modest life, passing down only a single book to his son. His family was known for its uprightness, and they never pursued anything new or extravagant. Women in their family were never taught to study; learning was considered the domain of men.
Now, let us return to the prefect, and his wife, Mrs. Sang, who was very virtuous and capable. They were married through a family connection. She had suffered alongside her husband, helping him with his studies and supporting him through hardships. Mrs. Sang’s mother had passed away early, leaving behind three sons. The eldest was the prefect, and the second was still young. Mrs. Sang, when she married at the age of eighteen, was known for her obedience and virtuous behavior. When her aunt passed away, she took on the responsibility of raising her younger brother-in-law, showing the same care as if he were her own son. The second brother-in-law, being older, married later, shouldering the responsibilities of the household. He had endured great hardships, but now he enjoyed the fruits of his labor.
Who would have thought that despite living a life of honor, his joy was short-lived. Even with wealth and status, things did not go as he wished. Why the sudden halt? This will be continued in the next part of the story.
Chapter Two: The Grief of the Sea and the Misty Shores; Huang Ju Rui's Birth, Liang Xiaoyu's Sorrow in Her Embroidered Chamber
A light, chilly breeze blows, the scenery of the East Sea evokes a thousand feelings. I pity my homeland, fragile as an egg, yet no hero has arisen to save the world from its dire plight. Too many emotions overwhelm me, and I cannot focus on my studies. I pick up my pen by the light and continue my thoughts from where I left off. In the book, it was said that Mrs. Sang, despite enjoying wealth and prestige, could not endure her situation. It turns out that Si Hua, her husband, was naturally inclined toward sensuality, often admiring wildflowers and weeds. This led to constant strife in their household, with frequent quarrels between them. It was not that Mrs. Sang sought to quarrel, but that Si Hua was too impulsive. He often abandoned the old for the new, which made it impossible for him to maintain a stable career. In times of difficulty, they had disputes like this. How could Mrs. Sang not feel heartbroken? They had four sons, but only one survived, the fourth son who inherited the family name.
The governor, Huang Zhi Fu, was known by the courtesy name Gu Zhi. He had been assigned to Shandong as a substitute official. The bureaucratic world was filled with competition and intrigue, and if one did not engage in flattery and scheming, even someone with talent would be sidelined. In the past, he had risen from humble beginnings, with a proud and independent personality, refusing to engage in scheming. Despite coming from the top of the list, he still remained idle and passed his days with poetry, wine, and visits to brothels. By this time, his son, Zu Yin, was six years old, weak and sickly as a child. His wife, now pregnant and close to giving birth, was nearing her due date. Time passed quickly, and it was autumn.
On the Double Ninth Festival, when chrysanthemums bloomed in defiance of the frost, the governor, pleased by the flowers, asked his wife to bring out some wine for a small celebration. As they sat together, with their son attending them, a servant quickly set up the table. They were enjoying the feast when suddenly, the wife, Mrs. Sang, began to experience severe abdominal pain and had to get up from her seat. The servants, in alarm, helped her to her room, where it was revealed that she was about to give birth. A birthing assistant arrived quickly to assist with the delivery. When the baby girl was born, the room was filled with a warm, glowing light.
Mrs. Sang’s joy was met with Huang Zhi Fu’s displeasure. He remarked, “What is there to celebrate about a daughter? She’s nothing but a burden. How can she bring honor to our family?” He raised his golden cup with a sour face, while Mrs. Sang, in her room, felt a growing sense of bitterness. She was distressed by her husband’s words, as he showed no affection for the newborn daughter.
In the culture of the Sleeping Country, there was a long-standing preference for sons over daughters. This was rooted in the old traditions, where men were valued, and women were seen as secondary. This tradition had been passed down for thousands of years, from father to son, brother to brother, and was unbreakable. Women, especially those from scholarly families, had little freedom. Huang Ju Rui, born in this world, was bound by these conventions, and it would be difficult for her to break free and find her own path. Sadly, this was the reality of being born a woman in such a society.
As the years passed quickly, Mrs. Sang gave birth to another daughter, named Shu Ren, whose temperament was gentle. Time passed, and Ju Rui, now seven years old, was already showing a sharp intelligence. Zu Yin had started attending school and was being tutored by a teacher named Yu Zhu Po, who was an old friend of the Huang family. Yu was known for his gentle and caring demeanor and was often called “Old Buddha” by those who knew him. He had no children of his own and had become a wandering scholar after his wife’s passing. Huang Zhi Fu had sought him out for his daughter’s education.
In their studies, Ju Rui excelled, quickly memorizing the texts and impressing her teacher. When Yu Zhu Po saw her skills, he was filled with great joy and spoke highly of her to Huang Zhi Fu.
He said, “Your niece is incredibly smart, it's rare. I fear the Huang family might have another Huang Chongguo.”
Upon hearing this, Mr. Huang was surprised and said, “What? Ju Rui is reading books now? Girls should be virtuous, not learning any books. This must be her mother’s nonsensical idea. Let me go talk to her and tell her to learn needlework! What do girls need with books?” After saying this, he was about to leave.
Old Yu hurriedly called his cousin: “Please wait a moment and listen to me. Your niece is not being forced by her mother, it is her brother who asked her to read poetry and books. She is so smart and talented; if jade is not polished, how can it shine? If it’s said that a girl without talent is virtuous, why then was the story of Cao Dagu passed down through history? There have been many talented women throughout history, no one envied them when they were young. Besides, a woman should be a wise helper at home, is it not right for her to know at least a little? My humble self is an in-law of your family, and unlike others, men and women are treated equally. Your niece and nephew are both learning, so it does not take much effort.”
Mr. Huang replied, “Cousin, you are doing too much. What use is it for girls to learn books? It’s not like men who can bring glory to the family. Even if she is highly talented, has the court ever set up a female examination?”
Zhu Po said, “Although there is no female examination, I have heard that there will be a women’s school established. Cousin, have you heard about a man from Guangdong, who claims to be a loyal minister of Man Da Zhong, and he has proposed a new policy to set up schools? He has many followers, all called ‘crazy faction.’ There are also many reformers who say, ‘The country nurtures talent, and schools are necessary for that. Women are the mothers of civilization, and household education cannot do without women. Both male and female schools must be established together.’ From this perspective, the establishment of a female school is not far off. Why not let your niece study some books? This way, she won’t fall behind others and will not waste her talent and knowledge. She might even become a teacher one day!”
Old Huang immediately mocked his cousin: “Such absurd words! Our ancestors’ customs cannot be changed, and how can barbarian customs be applied? If the academy is turned into a school for both men and women, isn’t that disrespecting Confucius? If men and women are treated equally, doesn’t that lead to chaos and ridicule from others? If we change the way of dressing and cutting hair, isn’t that dishonoring the etiquette of the Han officials?”
Mr. Huang was about to continue, but Zhu Po laughed loudly and stopped him. Pointing at his own braid and clothes, he asked his cousin, “Are these clothes from the Han Dynasty? The scarf, the hat, and the collar are from the ancient clothing worn by actors. This is the official attire of the Han Dynasty. Now we wear different clothes, with shaved heads and narrow sleeves, with flowered plumes and accessories. These are all clothes from the barbarians, yet no one finds them strange on you! The Empress Dowager takes the throne and acts tyrannical and is still praised as a saint for her kindness. Her infamous reputation is known everywhere, yet no one objects to her taking charge without gender distinctions in education. Today’s schools are not like the past, and male and female education is applied equally. When knowledge is deep, one earns respect, and there’s no place for corruption or bad influence. There have always been talented women throughout history, and I’ve never heard of anyone criticizing them for being too learned. If this is the case, then how can it be inappropriate for a girl to study?”
Mr. Huang sighed deeply and said, “Cousin, you are right. But even if education can make someone talented like Xie, it still only adds to the tragedy of a beautiful woman’s short life.”
Zhu Po laughed and said, “Cousin, how can you believe such baseless words? You must have seen the poem that Yuan Zicai gave to Lady Huanqing, and you must know the line, ‘Pure talent and abundant blessings do not harm each other.’ Later, when a person is chosen for greatness, it’s up to my younger brother to make sure they pay attention, so as not to let a talented woman marry a rich merchant and lament her wasted talent. I’ve heard of this girl, but my brother doesn't particularly care for her, fearing she might be wrongly matched to a bad man, and he doesn’t want to see a pearl thrown into the dark.”
Mr. Huang was silent for a moment and said, “Every parent loves their children, there is no doubt about that. But I agree that you can teach, just don’t talk about revolutionary ideas or equal rights that could cause turmoil. Our Huang family has been loyal for generations, and we don’t want to bring shame or cause harm to the family name. And about the clothing of the barbarians, such talk should not be mentioned.”
Zhu Po said, “Cousin, don’t worry. How could I harm your family? But wouldn’t it be wonderful if your family could produce a female hero or heroine, and have the world praise her? I’m just afraid your family doesn’t have such good fortune!” With that, he smiled and left.
Old Yu then went to the study, and upon hearing the news, Ju Rui’s face lit up with joy. From then on, she diligently studied, and in the blink of an eye, she turned fourteen, having mastered many books. Old Yu was deeply pleased, as it was not every day that a disciple of such extraordinary potential came along. At that time, Old Yu, who was twenty years old, had married Zhang in the previous two years and had just fathered a son who was one year old, beginning to babble. Ju Rui was perfectly able to focus on her studies, without needing her mother’s help.
One day, while she was writing at her desk, her mother’s maid, Xiao Xiang, came in to announce a visitor, saying that someone wanted to meet her. Ju Rui quickly rose and went to the front hall. She looked up and saw a guest on the left, dressed in a brocade gown, with a serious appearance. Next to her was a young woman, delicate and graceful, about fifteen or sixteen years old, with a dignified air and an elegant, outstanding appearance. Upon seeing her, Ju Rui immediately felt a connection, as if they had met in a past life.
After some greetings, she found out the girl’s name was Xiaoyu, and Ju Rui, moved by a deep feeling, said, “Sister, could this be fate? I’m so glad to meet you here today. I hope we will not part ways and will be as close as sisters, cherishing each other.”
Xiaoyu was moved by her words, and her beautiful face softened with tears. She lowered her head and took Ju Rui’s hand, calling her sister: “Your words have touched my heart deeply. I’ve heard you are talented in poetry, could I possibly become your student and learn from you?”
Ju Rui hurriedly said, “What modesty! There is no need for such formalities between sisters. Let’s not speak of such things; we are here to be friends.”
Lady Sang laughed and said to Lady Liang, “Hearing these sisters exchange such heartfelt words, they must have a deep connection from past lives.”
She then told Ju Rui, “Ju Rui, you can go with your sister to her room and learn about books and history from her. It will be a good way to pass the time.” Ju Rui was overjoyed, and together with Xiaoyu, they headed to her room.
It was indeed the room of Ju Rui and her sister. Shuren had a slight illness, so she was resting indoors and did not come out. To the left was Ju Rui's room. Upon entering, one could see a paper curtain and a bamboo bed, with a writing desk placed in front of the window. The desk was neatly arranged with poetry books and stationery, and beside it were several bookcases and chairs, all simple yet elegant. The room’s decor matched Ju Rui's cool and restrained attire, giving off a dignified and aloof air, exactly reflecting the character of its owner. One’s desire for wealth and status could easily fade away upon entering this room.
The two sisters sat side by side and chatted, sharing their family’s hardships and joys. Ju Rui learned that Xiaoyu was born of a concubine, and her mother had three sons by her husband. Xiaoyu’s mother was very strict and jealous, often mistreating the concubines. Xiaoyu’s father was submissive to his wife, afraid of her, and had become physically weak. This concubine had been bought by the mother, and although she acted kind and generous in front of others, she treated Xiaoyu like a servant in private. The family was full of strife, with the mother and brothers constantly scheming against each other. Xiaoyu’s life at home was like that of a bird in a cage. Her stepmother was cold and cruel, and her brothers were even more arrogant and ruthless. If Xiaoyu or her mother spoke to outsiders, the servants would always follow, keeping an eye on them as if they were prisoners or thieves. Xiaoyu’s mother rarely left the house and could not even freely interact with others.
She continued, “I was only able to visit you today because my aunt was visiting the fish house and wanted me to come to see you. She insisted that I come, so I couldn’t refuse. But you must not speak of this to anyone. If my stepmother finds out, she will be furious. I will bear any scolding without complaint, but I fear it will make my birth mother suffer even more.”
Ju Rui nodded and reassured her, “Don’t worry, sister. I’m not someone who speaks carelessly. But the situation in my family is similar to yours. My father has multiple concubines, and the situation is full of power struggles. Many times, when things don’t go well, they will scold the maids and change their attitudes. The family is always fighting for position, each trying to get ahead. My mother, on the other hand, is always humble and obedient, but my father and his second concubine often provoke conflicts. I don’t understand why things are this way. Could it be the will of Heaven to allow such suffering to continue? Is it because of a flaw in our fate that we are punished like this?”
Ju Rui sighed deeply and said, “Why must women be subjected to such oppression? Why can’t we have the chance to rise and stand tall? The world admires talented men, but rarely do they recognize the brilliance of women. If men are praised for their courage and wisdom, why should women be suppressed and degraded? There have been countless brave women throughout history who fought and won battles, like the legendary Red Jade, Xun Guan, and Mulan. Women are no less capable than men, yet society still thinks of them as inferior.”
She continued, “If I ever have the chance to stand on my own, I will not allow myself to be oppressed. I want to rise above this, just like the great women of history. But right now, it feels impossible. How can I endure living in this prison-like situation, where every step is constrained, and freedom seems so distant?”
After speaking, Ju Rui sighed again, her tears falling onto her clothes. Xiaoyu, hearing her words, felt deeply moved. Her heart was full of sorrow and regret, wondering why she had ended up in such a situation. She had always known that she was not an ordinary person, but now she felt trapped. She was a guest in someone else’s house, unable to express her grief.
After a moment of silence, Xiaoyu spoke softly, “Sister, why are you so quiet? We already share a deep understanding. If you have something on your mind, please speak freely.”
Ju Rui, sensing Xiaoyu’s hesitation, urged her, “Sister, please don't hold back. We are friends now, and we should be able to talk openly.”
Xiaoyu finally spoke, and the two of them made a solemn vow in front of the window. They swore that, no matter their future circumstances, they would support each other through thick and thin, sharing both wealth and hardship. They swore that if they ever forgot this vow, they would be punished by Heaven. After the vow, they stood up, hand in hand, promising to be like true sisters, stronger than any bond of blood.
Just as they were about to continue their conversation, a maid entered to announce, “Madam of the Liang family wishes to say goodbye. There is a distant relative who has arrived, and the young lady should return home immediately.”
The two women quickly stood up and left, seeing the Madam of the Liang family preparing to leave. Xiaoyu said her goodbyes, and the Madam turned to speak kindly, “Miss Huang, do visit our home again soon. We have a strong bond, and it would be a shame to let it fade. Please don’t be a stranger.”
Xiaoyu and Ju Rui exchanged a sad glance and said their final farewells before leaving. Little did they know, their paths would soon cross again under unforeseen circumstances.
As the story reaches this point, the narrative pauses. To know what happens next, one must wait for the next installment.
Chapter Three: Pressured Marriage by Parents, Brothers and Sisters in Unequal Struggles
The foreign troubles grew ever more pressing, and when one looked back at the homeland, the heart felt even heavier. Even in the face of impending calamity, one sleeps soundly, with a thousand cries and calls going unheard. The previous chapter mentioned the Liang family. The mother and daughter returned home and entered the hall. The servants and maids went out to greet them, and the aunt, Mrs. Liang, also arrived.
She explained that she had come with her husband and children. The lady of the house immediately became busy and greeted them. She stepped into the hall to meet them and then went down on her knees to offer respect and greetings to the younger generation.
It turned out that Mrs. Liang’s maiden family name was Guan. Her elder brother, Guan Gu, held a waiting position in Jiangnan. He had a son and a daughter: the son was named Guan Rui, and the daughter was called Bu Qun. Mrs. Liang’s younger sister had married into the Bao family and had also had a son and a daughter: the son, named Ru Zhen, was twenty years old; the daughter, named Ai Qun, was seventeen. Unfortunately, her husband had passed away five years earlier, and their family wealth was still substantial. Her husband also had a younger sister who had married into the Zuo family. Her husband was a scholar awaiting an appointment in Shandong, living off the support of the Bao family. After Mr. Zuo left for Shandong, his wife lived in her mother’s house, where she had a son and a daughter: the son, named Zuo Wen, and the daughter, named Xing Hua. When Mr. Zuo arrived in Shandong, he wrote to invite his family to join him. Mrs. Bao and her sister-in-law had a very good relationship, so she didn’t trust her servants to deliver the message, and instead decided to personally visit, bringing her children with her, which would allow her to visit her sister as well.
So, after arriving in Shandong, Mrs. Bao took her children to visit her sister. Just as they were about to leave, Mrs. Liang was greeting guests. Mr. Liang immediately sent a servant to ask Mrs. Bao to return home. The sisters met and naturally expressed their joy at the reunion.
Speaking of Mrs. Bao, she was known for her gentle and open personality. Unlike her sister, who was often hasty, the two sisters, born of different temperaments, interacted in their own unique ways. Soon, everyone was seated, and they began talking about how things had been since their last meeting. Mrs. Liang invited her sister to stay, and they chatted warmly about their separation. Mrs. Bao agreed and sent a servant to inform the Zuo family of their arrival.
After a while, they had settled in, and dinner was served. The meal was served in the western side of the house, where the three rooms were arranged in a line, with two rooms on each side of the stairs and a round door leading out. To the left was a door to a room, and to the right was another, leading to a very convenient layout. Mrs. Bao was very pleased with the quietness of the left-side room and chose it for herself, while the young lady took the room to the right. A small kitchen was set up, allowing them to prepare their own meals if they wished. The young master, now of age, stayed in the study.
The sisters spoke to each other every morning, and Ai Qun quickly became close to Xiaoyu. Together, they would walk through the garden in the morning and enjoy the moonlight together at night.
Sometimes, they would read and teach each other, with Xiaoyu showing a remarkable intelligence. Ai Qun, who was also highly skilled, took it upon herself to teach Xiaoyu several lessons. Xiaoyu had a solid foundation, so with Ai Qun’s guidance, she made great progress.
The two sisters were very close, their conversations endless. One day, they sat together at the vanity, and Ai Qun sighed, “Time has passed so quickly. Half a month has gone by so fast.” She then mentioned a cousin of hers, Xing Hua, who was kind-hearted and had a good temperament. “She’s about the same age as me, and she’s quite talented as well. Although not the most beautiful, she has a brilliant mind and is not an ordinary person. We have shared a study and a desk for years, walking hand in hand every morning. It’s been half a month since I last saw her, and I miss her terribly. I wonder if she’s made any good friends?”
Xiaoyu replied, “Don’t mention it. My life has been like a caged monkey, trapped at home. It wasn’t until you came that I finally got to leave and come here. My first real outing was when I came to visit Auntie and met you. Your name, Ju Rui, is very admirable. You are so straightforward and heroic, full of dignity. Although not the most stunning, you are beautiful in your own way. Your grace is unmatched. Your actions are full of kindness and integrity, and you live simply, which I truly admire.”
Ai Qun nodded and said, “You don’t have to say such things. But your words speak truth. It’s a shame that we are often bound by our families’ constraints, making us feel as if we are being smothered. Women like us, who are capable and wise, are often treated as inferior to men, but we are no less worthy.”
She continued, “I truly wish I could help you more, but I am powerless to do so. The constraints we face are too much to bear. We can’t even be free to make our own choices. I often wish we could break free from this trap.”
Xiaoyu sighed and said, “I agree. But what can we do? We are born into this life, and we must bear these burdens. I truly wish for a day when I can free myself from this life.”
The two girls shared a moment of mutual understanding, and Ai Qun promised to help Xiaoyu. They both understood that, despite the constraints they faced, their bond of sisterhood would allow them to face the future together.
In the evening, Ai Qun informed her mother about the conversation, and Mrs. Bao agreed to send a servant the next morning to inquire about Xiaoyu’s family. She asked a maid named Xiu Rong, who was clever and reliable, to go on the errand.
The next day, Xiu Rong set out early in the morning, arriving at the Liang family’s house. Upon arriving at the front of the mansion, she saw the usual bustle. She was greeted and taken into the main hall. Mrs. Liang was busy with guests, so Xiu Rong waited patiently for an opportunity to speak. When the moment came, she presented herself and asked for permission to inquire after Xiaoyu’s well-being.
Xiu Rong, understanding the situation, realized the deeper difficulties Xiaoyu was facing. The constraints of her family were oppressive, and it saddened Xiu Rong that she could not do more to help. The entire situation weighed heavily on her heart.
“Miss Rui Lian, is the eldest lady in her room?” asked the maid. The servant responded, “She is in her own room.” Chunxiang went with Xiurong to Ju Rui's room. Inside, they saw a maid sitting on a small chair, asleep, and the bed had the curtains drawn low, indicating that Ju Rui was still sleeping. Xiurong quickly whispered, “Do not speak; the lady is still asleep.” Ju Rui had already heard them and asked, “Who is it?” Chunxiang replied, “Miss, the lady from the Liang family has sent someone to visit.”
Upon hearing this, Ju Rui immediately got up, and Xiurong stepped over to bow. Ju Rui hurriedly reached out to stop her and woke up her maid, Xiaohuan, to move a stool near the bed. “Please, sit,” she said. Xiurong politely declined, “It’s fine, Xiaohuan should attend to the duties.” Ju Rui insisted, “No need for such formalities; there's no high or low status here.” Xiurong reluctantly sat at an angle, and Chunxiang left to return to the master.
Ju Rui then asked Xiurong about Miss Liang, and Xiurong gave her an update. After hearing this, Ju Rui sighed and said, “I am very grateful to your lady. Since Miss Liang has someone accompanying her, she is likely less vulnerable to being bullied. When you return, please let her know that I am doing well and not to worry. It's just that there have been some unnecessary troubles recently, and I’ve been feeling upset. I will come to visit tomorrow or the day after.” Xiurong replied, “I understand, I'll tell her.” Ju Rui smiled and continued, “It’s a pity that there’s not much hope for me, but Miss Liang... if she has a good education, I believe she will become someone notable. Should we meet again in the future, I promise to help her break free from her situation. We could become close friends, and she could truly be a remarkable woman.”
Afterward, Xiurong was deeply moved and expressed gratitude, feeling a strong bond despite their circumstances. She responded, “You speak with great kindness. Your master and the young lady are both admirable. As for myself, I’ve been in the service of the Bao family since I was seven. Though I was sold to them, they have treated me well. I know a little poetry and have learned some things, but I am still bound by my situation. Thank you for your understanding and care.”
Ju Rui smiled and replied, “That’s wonderful. Having a lady like Miss Liang as a teacher will certainly make her a fine scholar. With knowledge, she will be able to support herself in the future. But I’m afraid what I’m suggesting is a bit far-fetched. I cannot yet help you in the way I would like.” Xiurong quickly dismissed her concerns and encouraged her to go to the Liang house to relieve her worries. Ju Rui laughed bitterly, “I don’t know if I’ll be able to go there. I just wanted to visit, but I’m not sure if I’ll make it tomorrow or the day after.”
Xiurong then took her leave, saying goodbye to the lady of the house and receiving some money and fruits as a token of appreciation. She left the house and returned home as the evening began to settle in, hearing the calls of the crows in the sky.
When she arrived home, she went straight inside but did not see her mistress. She turned and went back to the Liang household, hearing loud voices coming from Miss Liang’s room. Rushing in, she saw Mrs. Liang and Miss Liang sitting by the bed, with Miss Liang lying down, crying. Xiurong was shocked and hurriedly asked, “What happened? Is it a fever?”
Ai Qun explained, “After you left, things became chaotic here. It all started with Aunt Xue, who suddenly became ill. My cousin couldn’t bear the worry and rushed to buy medicine, but she didn’t inform the family first. When Aunt Xue heard this, she scolded her, and in the heat of the moment, my cousin’s brother hit her. I was so scared, I could hardly breathe. If not for Miss Jujin arriving with help, things would have been much worse. We almost lost her.”
Xiurong asked, “Didn’t Aunt Xue help?”
Ai Qun sighed, “You mention Aunt Xue. She was already sick and didn’t want to get involved. Even if she had, it would have been pointless—she would have just gotten beaten alongside my cousin. She could not have helped.”
Xiurong asked, “But didn’t the lady also say that Aunt Xue shouldn't have acted this way?”
Bao Furen replied, “I have already told her. But Aunt Xue argued, saying her son is too headstrong to control. How could she, as a mother, allow her son to bully her daughter? She insists she is not wrong. The conflict between the siblings is mutual. How could I say one is right and the other is wrong? The words sound nice, but I can’t turn my sister away.”
Ai Qun quickly said, “Please, don’t talk too much, someone might be listening outside.” She called out a few times for Xiuyun, but there was no response, and then she scolded, “Where did she run off to?”
“Since my cousin started the dispute, she has been crying continuously and hasn’t stopped. Aunt Xue has gone to the main hall to attend to the mistress, who hasn't yet returned. You've been away from the Huang family for so long; what is the situation with Miss Huang? Tomorrow, you should go and invite her here, so we can talk and ease my cousin’s worries.” Xiurong then said, “Don’t mention it; she is very troubled right now.”
Xiaoyu, still sobbing, asked, “What has happened to cause such distress?”
Xiurong recounted the events of the day: “I saw the decorations being put up and lanterns being hung; the lady is quite busy, preparing fruits and treats. I asked the maid about the situation and learned that today, a proposal was made for Miss Huang’s engagement. It turns out that during a contest for picking sparrows, Miss Huang unexpectedly became involved with the Gao family.”
Bao Furen sighed and said, “So it was Gao who became the chosen one. His father, Gao Wuyi, is a harsh man who amasses gold and silver. He originally came from a poor family and ran a small eatery for a living. Somehow, he made connections with the local loyal servant, Wei Daqing. Since then, his business flourished, and he amassed wealth quickly. He became arrogant and prideful, bullying the weak and being extremely stingy. Gao is a disgrace! Since he was young, he had been indulging in gambling and prostituting, and never took education seriously. His days were spent seeking pleasure and associating with immoral friends. He treated his relatives like servants and would become angry at the slightest disagreement. He expected everyone to serve him and had no respect for his elders. With such behavior, even wealth can’t protect him. Marrying a talented woman to such a man is unheard of!”
Ai Qun asked her mother how she knew all this. The mistress replied, “Today, I heard from my cousin from the left mansion. He spoke about it briefly, and I too was deeply dismayed at the idea of a noble woman marrying a common man. He didn’t mention the woman's family name, so I still didn’t understand the situation clearly. But now, hearing from Xiurong, I know she is from the Huang family. I still don't know why the Huang family would allow such a person to marry their daughter.”
Xiurong replied, “The matchmaker is also a loyal servant of the Wei family. The Wei family is well-established in that town, and they have a business relationship with the Gao family. The matchmaker, Mr. Jun, is known to be honest and trustworthy. The Huang family, upon hearing about the Gao family’s wealth, decided to prevent their daughter from living in poverty. They believed the Wei family would act as a reliable intermediary, and after some inquiries, everything seemed to match up. But Miss Huang objected and tried to dissuade her mother. Unfortunately, her mother was firm in her decision, and Miss Huang was left powerless to resist. In her anger, she went to her room and lay down in bed.”
Bao Furen sighed deeply, saying, “The Wei family might appear sincere, but they are deceivers at heart. It is a pity that such a good woman from the Huang family has already entered into this marriage, and there’s nothing we can say now." Xiaoyu and Ai Qun both sighed in sympathy, deeply saddened by the situation. They wondered what would become of Ju Rui—could she eventually escape this pit of suffering? This chapter of the story ends here, and the details will unfold in the next chapter.
Chapter Four: The Daughter's Pain, Restless Throughout the Night – A Sad Discussion on Social Norms and Shared Sorrows
Suddenly, a storm arose. The struggle and anger hadn't yet subsided, but a message was sent to fellow patriots: A heart full of passion is hard to extinguish. Occasionally, staying in the lakeside area for instruction, there would be some time to relax and resume discussions. Previously, it was mentioned that Liang Xiaoyu, enduring her brother's mistreatment, was truly hurt. As dusk arrived, Miss Bao left, and she was left alone in her bed, even lonelier.
Aunt Xue tried to comfort her, feeling the same sorrow, but soon it was time for her to return to her room. After closing the door, Xiaoyu lay down in bed, staring at the silver lamp, resentment growing in her heart. She thought deeply, feeling a flood of sadness deep within her. After pondering, she turned over again, thinking: “I pity my life; it's so devoid of meaning. I wish I were dead, but I can’t die because of my mother. I regret being born a girl; I can’t soar or rise to great heights. Otherwise, I would have taken my mother away from this place and avoided such a frustrating life. I could live in poverty, content with simple meals, but instead, I was born a daughter. There’s nowhere for me to go, no place to escape, and I know no one. How pitiable my life is! My hands hold no money, and my life feels so empty.”
She rolled over again, tears flowing. “Ah! Liang Xiaoyu! Could it really be this way for my life?” Her thoughts were filled with grief, yet a sense of resentment emerged: “Why did I suffer such fate? Was it not enough that my father and brother are cruel to me? I despise my own helplessness, yet my spirit always aspired to be like Hua Mulan, a strong and courageous woman. I was once full of ambition, capable of seeing through people, and yet here I am, enduring such misery. Why did fate cast me into this situation? My lack of talent and education made things even more difficult. If only Aunt Bao’s cousin were here to help me... but she will not always be around. Soon I will be left to face this suffering alone.”
She began to cry bitterly, thinking of how things had turned out. “Alas! The Huang family has a beautiful and talented daughter, yet she suffers in such a cruel manner. Her noble heart and great spirit have been buried. Was it because of her beauty that she had no luck? Was she cursed by heaven because of her talent? It is truly tragic. If I could help her, I would. Yet who can help me in my own plight?”
Xiaoyu’s thoughts ran wild, contemplating her own future: “Could I ever marry and live happily? Will I be able to find happiness like a flower? Or will I end up with nothing, caught in a bitter fate, just like those trapped in a web of deceit and misfortune? My mother, my brother, all the cruelty they’ve shown me. How could they do this to me?”
Her thoughts deepened further, and she sighed: “How could I ever marry someone like that? How could I be with someone who doesn’t see me as a person, who only uses me for their own benefit? Even if the Huang family has money, it means nothing if there's no kindness in the marriage. Their wealth and power cannot replace genuine love and respect.”
She continued to reflect: “In this world, all the men who are proud of their wealth and status think they can treat others as less than them. They mock the poor and consider themselves superior. They only value money and forget what is truly important. Even with talent and beauty, if you’re not seen by the right people, your life may be wasted. As they say, a beautiful jade is often overlooked. It’s a cruel world for those with talent.”
Xiaoyu thought deeply, feeling helpless and overwhelmed by the unfairness of it all. She wondered if she could ever escape this fate, but the more she thought, the more she felt trapped.
Her mind was filled with regrets: “Had I been born into a different family, perhaps I would have been different. If only things had gone differently, my life wouldn’t be so miserable.”
Eventually, she sighed once again, thinking of how she couldn’t change her fate. “Why do I even bother? Maybe it would have been better if I was never born at all. My life has been full of sorrow and regret.”
The next morning, as dawn light poured into the room, Xiaoyu got out of bed. She noticed her mother was already awake, busy with something. She went to inquire about her health, but her mother seemed unaware of her troubled thoughts from the night before.
Aunt Xue, noticing Xiaoyu’s exhausted state, expressed her concern, but Xiaoyu didn’t share her inner torment. She simply said, “I’m fine,” though her eyes betrayed her true feelings. Soon, Ai Qun arrived, and seeing Xiaoyu’s tired appearance, she sighed in sympathy.
“Did you sleep last night?” Ai Qun asked gently.
Xiaoyu shook her head, but before she could speak further, a servant girl named Xiu Lian came to announce the arrival of Miss Zuo. As soon as Xiaoyu heard this, she felt a spark of hope, knowing that Miss Zuo, the daughter of the Jiang family from the south, was a refined and gentle woman who could offer some comfort.
When Miss Zuo entered, everyone greeted her warmly. She was graceful and full of charm, with eyes as bright as the moon. The atmosphere was soon filled with joy and laughter as the women chatted. But even in this pleasant company, Xiaoyu’s heart remained heavy.
Zuo, noticing Xiaoyu’s appearance, asked in concern, “Why do you look so pale, Liang Jia? Is your health not well?”
Xiaoyu gave a slight smile, replying, “I’ve been fine; it’s just that last night... there were some difficult things on my mind.”
Miss Zuo immediately became serious, listening carefully as Xiaoyu shared her troubles.
“Ah! How many women in this world are not born into a life of humiliation? In every small matter, even speaking a word is beyond our control.”
The Zuo lady sighed at that moment: “It’s truly pitiful that women are treated as lesser beings! Born as a woman, you are labeled unlucky, a burden to your family. Even if parents love each other deeply, those who are ignorant will scorn you, always saying women are useless and only worth marrying off for dowries. Men are cherished from birth, they are sent to study, to read the classics; but women are not allowed to learn books or history, and instead, it’s said that women are too talented for their fate to allow them any success.”
After reflecting for a moment, she continued: “Have we women ever been weak? Our knowledge and wisdom are on par with men. If we were allowed to study history and books, we could earn money to support our parents. But the pain of being a woman is that we have no way to make a living, confined to a life spent indoors. My sister is fortunate to have a good family; my elder brother taught her the Five Classics. Though she cannot be called a talented woman, she is certainly more capable than a foolish man who cannot even see properly. I often grow angry at how society devalues women. My heart has always soared with great ambitions, but it’s hard to fulfill them when a woman has no means of livelihood. My body longs to take action, but I am unable to do so. How I despise being a woman!”
She sighed, reflecting on the situation of talented women like Miss Bao, who was well-known for her skills, and Miss Jiang, who surpassed others in excellence. “The Liang family’s eldest daughter is just as smart and capable, but in comparison to other men who don’t learn anything, she is clearly much more talented. Why then are they content to stay passive? It fills me with frustration and injustice.”
Jiang Zhenhua sighed, saying, “Women have so much to suffer. The most painful thing is when:
A marriage is mistakenly arranged with someone of low character, leading to a beautiful woman’s tragic fate. The so-called notion that a husband must control his wife is a misguided and arrogant idea. They spend their days in pleasure, neglecting their wives, and the wives are often mistreated, beaten, and abused. There are men who go abroad for business, marry a second wife, and leave the first wife behind to starve and suffer. Others who, after years of struggling and enduring hardship, finally achieve success, only to marry a beautiful concubine and cast aside their loyal wives, forgetting all past kindness. There are those who have no compassion, who abandon the old and love the new, and those who cruelly mock their wives to fulfill their own selfish desires.”
“There are those whose husbands are frivolous, gambling and wasting their time. They abandon their wives who have no joy in life, and their cruel mothers-in-law stir up trouble and abuse the wives. Then there are talented women who marry wealthy merchants, only to find their lives even more tragic. They have a wealth of talent, but their husbands disregard them, leaving them alone in an empty room, crying for unfulfilled dreams. They are married to crude, ignorant men who cannot appreciate their talents, and their life becomes one of endless regret.”
She continued, “Many talented women throughout history have been buried in obscurity, their abilities unrecognized. They are left to mourn the passing winds, as the cuckoo bird calls in the distance. The cruel reality is that the heavens allow women to suffer like this, even as they restrict us from living fully.”
At this point, Jiang Zhenhua furrowed his brows and glanced at Liang Xiaoyu, whose face was soaked with tears.
She asked, “Sister Xiaoyu, you seem to be deeply troubled. Surely you have something on your mind, please share it with me.”
Xiaoyu spoke through her tears, “Sister, I have a sworn sister, the daughter of Lord Huang from our family. Her name is Ju Rui, and from the age of seven until now, at fourteen, she has been a woman of great talent and beauty. She is courageous and honorable, with a heart full of righteousness. But recently, her parents promised her to the son of a wealthy merchant, a good-for-nothing, a wastrel who will only bring her misery. How can this not be a tragedy?”
She sighed in distress, adding, “It's truly painful to think of the unfairness of it all. Why is it that such a fine woman like Huang Mei is destined for such a cruel fate? I fear that her beauty will fade and her health will wither. When a talented woman is married off to a man unworthy of her, what can she do? It's heartbreaking.”
Xiaoyu's words were filled with sorrow and despair as she lamented: “What can be done about it? This injustice, this fate, is more unbearable than anything else. Why must the heavens allow such cruelty? It’s unbearable to see a woman’s talents go unappreciated and her beauty wasted.”
As she spoke, her tears flowed even more. All the others present were deeply moved by her words, and
Miss Bao sighed, saying, “Is there any woman in this world who does not suffer?”
A lifetime of confinement in the inner chamber, how could one ever act independently? With no control, one is subject to others, much like an orphan following a master. At home, parents provide no education, never allowing one to leave the chamber. All day long, one is ordered to weave and embroider, bending the waist and straining the back. Sewing pillows, hemming pants, finishing mirrors, and arranging teapots. The curtain and screen, all meticulously crafted, with skirts and hems decorated, fans and sleeves delicately stitched. There are countless daily tasks, threading needles and matching threads, seeking perfection. No time to rest, and when everything is done, the mind becomes muddled. One may fall ill, suffering from a disease that’s hard to cure, and even if not sick, the shoulders become hunched and the body misshapen.
Embroidery, in the end, serves no purpose, wasting silver and labor. It’s all for the dowry, to make the bride appear beautiful. But what happens when she marries an unworthy man? Or when her husband is useless, wealth cannot save her from poverty. If she marries a frivolous man, she will eventually be discarded like dust on the roadside. A woman has no means of support, suffering all her life. If her husband is extravagant, gambling away money, she works tirelessly embroidering day after day, but still, it amounts to nothing.
Xiaoyu interjected, speaking of her virtuous sister: “The world is truly unjust. I despise the way the ancients set up such oppressive rules, where men are esteemed and women are humbled. Even if a woman inherits millions, it all belongs to her son. Though parents may raise a daughter with love, when she is married, she is nothing more than someone else's possession.
On the day she marries, she leaves with nothing, suffering mistreatment in silence. If her husband is bad, it’s said to be her fate. Three obediences are an absurd doctrine, raising the husband to a divine status. Even if they are called husband and wife, the woman is never free to act. She must always obey her husband, her actions dictated by him, and when he blames her, she must respond gently, keeping her voice low and submissive. If the husband is indulgent and wasteful, she must endure silently, with no recourse. In times of wealth, his concubines multiply, and she becomes a mere shadow. When he neglects the home, starting a new life elsewhere, she is left to endure hardship, with no rights of her own.
If she comes from a lower class, she is like a servant, forced to live a miserable life, while the upper class are carried everywhere in palanquins, with servants following their every step. She cannot live for herself, as she is constantly dependent on others. Life is a bitter struggle, and even if she were to try to speak out, she would be ignored, dismissed as a troublemaker.”
Xiaoyu continued, “I myself am a woman born into hardship. I cannot earn a living and am bound by my family’s misfortunes. What hope is there for a better future? All I can do is to grieve for my fellow women, stuck in this fire pit of suffering.”
She paused, tears flowing freely as she lamented the suffering of women. The others, feeling her pain, were overwhelmed with sorrow and could not speak. At this moment, Xiu Rong entered carrying a tray of delicacies, interrupting the melancholy atmosphere. She was surprised to see everyone so distressed but said nothing, merely placing the food down for them to enjoy.
“Since the lady has guests, there are matters to discuss, so I will leave you to enjoy your meal. Please don’t stand on ceremony,” she said.
Everyone wiped their tears and reluctantly took their seats, attempting to eat, but even a small piece of cake seemed difficult to swallow. The tea was sipped in silence, each person lost in thought. After a long while, there was no conversation, only the sound of rustling garments as they fidgeted in their seats.
Ai Qun decided to break the silence, turning to Jiang Zhenhua: “I’ve long admired your poetic talent, like the elegance of Xie Lingyun’s verses. I was truly impressed when I read your recent works. Would you consider accepting me as a disciple?”
Zhenhua quickly humbled himself: “Sister, you’re too kind. Though I know a little about poetry, how can I compare to your talent? I can only bow to you in admiration.”
Xinghua then spoke up, “There’s no need for modesty. Your poems and essays are well-known. As for me, my own attempts at writing are crude and childish. I’m ashamed of them. How can I compare to your exquisite lines?”
Zhenhua hastily responded, “Please, no false praise. I’ve heard much about your talents in poetry and writing. Your fame surpasses mine. Your learning and scholarship are beyond compare.”
Before Xinghua could reply, someone outside announced, “Miss Ju Rui has arrived at the Liang family residence. She requests to see you, Miss.”
Xiaoyu immediately stood up, eager to leave, but the others stopped her. There was no time to exchange further words, and the narrative continued, revealing a shocking turn of events.
Chapter Five: A Beautiful Rain and European Winds Stir Up Old Ailments and Chronic Illnesses; Deafening Shocks Lead to Heroic Sons and Daughters
China has been in darkness for thousands of years, with women having no rights whatsoever; today, the gender barrier is lifted, and women have begun to step into the spotlight. The previous discussions about women’s issues might make the reader feel sorrowful. I regret not having the skill to write with vivid colors and capture the full extent of a woman’s suffering. How many gaps there are in the words, I don’t know, but the essence is this: women live like cattle and horses, suffering, imprisoned, and oppressed, their whole lives marked by their husbands’ honor or shame. Westerners speak of Chinese women as if they are mere playthings, to be moved and handled by others. If compared to men, they are five hundred levels lower, called cattle or horses without complaint. Uneducated, unable to learn crafts, they only seek to please men, and they are willing to serve as concubines or slaves. Hearing these words fills one with boundless sorrow, and I have often been moved to tears. I lament for my fellow women, not
understanding why they are content to be subjugated and treated as animals. It is laughable that women are deemed useless, their limbs and senses no different from men’s, and their intelligence no less capable. Yet, they never seek independence but only comfort in their submission.
Speaking of our country’s society, the inequality between men and women has been a constant. Talking about the hardships of women, the writer cannot hold back the tears. But I hope that those who read this will understand the depth of the pain, which cannot be understood unless one has lived it. It is not just a novel; it is a plea to awaken my sisters from their misery. I hope all women will strive for independence and stop relying on men as their crutches. Let’s put aside the idle talk and return to the matter at hand.
The previous narrative spoke of Ju Rui arriving at the door. Xiaoyu was about to turn to leave, but the three women stopped her, saying, “Why not send a maid to invite Miss Huang here? We can have a pleasant chat without worrying about going there.” Xiaoyu responded, worried about what her mother might say. Ai Qun then said, “It’s fine to tell my mother; Aunt will understand. There’s no need to worry.” She hurried to inform her mother and asked Xiu Rong to go quickly.
Xiu Rong left and soon returned with the graceful and talented daughter of the Huang family. They greeted Madam Bao first, then proceeded to stand with their four sisters in a row, bowing respectfully before entering the bedroom. Madam Bao was occupied with a guest at the time, so she asked her daughter to entertain them. The sisters took their seats, observing one another in silence. Ju Rui, holding hands with Liang Xiaoyu, was astonished by her frail appearance.
“Ah! Sister, why have you become so thin? Yesterday, I asked Xiu Rong, and she said you weren’t ill?”
Xiaoyu sighed and replied, “Sister, my life is destined for misfortune, what can I say? But I too have become quite frail. Please, take care of yourself. This is one of those helpless things that even parents cannot change.”
Ju Rui was deeply upset, her face turning red as she laughed coldly, calling Xiaoyu her righteous sister.
“Sister, it is truly hard to accept the fate of being a slave. Although my parents gave birth to me, I should honor them and bring them joy. I shouldn’t ruin my reputation or tarnish my family’s name. But when it comes to marriage, choosing a husband based on money instead of character is a foolish thing, a laughable idea. How can it be that women are born to serve men like cattle? Are men truly so superior? Are their studies and behavior that much better? If we only listen to the words of matchmakers without thinking for ourselves, it’s ridiculous.”
She paused, taking a deep breath. “Recently, I’ve been reading about Europe and the United States. Many books talk about the freedom and equality of men and women, how both are endowed with equal rights. Strong nations and strong people rely on women, as family education is passed down through mothers. Women can be independent, and people cheer for the rights of women. How many female heroes and great women are there? Men cannot even compare. In their schools, women and men are treated equally, with every field of study available. Unlike our country, where women only learn classics and history, they offer a variety of specialized studies: science, philosophy, chemistry, art, and more.”
Ju Rui spoke passionately, and the other sisters listened in shock and admiration. “In foreign countries, women are treated with respect. In tea houses and restaurants, men stand when a woman enters, offering her their seat. Women can sit where they like, and when they get on a crowded bus, men give up their seat. Women are not looked down upon. In those countries, women are independent, and there are many female heroes. It is the women who manage businesses and teach in schools. Their education is complete, and they contribute to their society just like men.”
She went on, “If we get married, it should be a matter of mutual respect, not based on family ties. There should be no difference between men and women; we should be friends, respecting one another and treating each other equally. We should not marry strangers, but people with whom we share common values, someone who understands us deeply.”
Xiaoyu then asked, “But where will we find the means to do all this?”
Ju Rui smiled. “Sister, don’t worry. I’ve already thought of a way. My family is eager for me to marry, and my mother has prepared a dowry for me. I can take some of this money, which would be wasted otherwise, and use it for my education instead. This way, my sister and I can study for two years, and I will work with Mr. Yu to help us find a way to continue.”
The sisters were filled with joy and excitement at this new prospect.
Ai Qun immediately spoke up: “What you said, Sister Huang, makes me feel uneasy. I only wish for Sister Liang to join us. Are we three not human? Though we lack talent and wisdom, we could still follow a fine leader and compete with the world. How could we bear to stay behind? But we must have a man along with us for the journey, otherwise, we will be unfamiliar with the place and face many inconveniences. We might lose our way or get lost.”
Ju Rui quickly called her sister: “Would I not wish for all of you to join me? One, I fear you might find it difficult to break free from family constraints. Two, we lack enough money. If you fear losing your way, do not worry. The journey is straightforward, there is no need to rely on a man. Can we not do this ourselves? I am willing to take responsibility and will not let you down. I have already made all the plans, we just need to raise the money, which is the only difficult part.”
Zuo Xinghua and Jiang Zhenhua spoke together: “We also have some clothes and jewelry, which we could sell, but at the moment, we don’t have a buyer.”
Ju Rui said: “That’s easy. We can use my money to cover the expenses, and I’ll secretly give the items to my teacher to sell.”
Both of them were pleased and said: “That’s great!”
Xiaoyu asked Ai Qun: “What about you, sister?”
Ai Qun replied: “I can also get money from my mother, as well as gold and jewelry. With four or five of us together, we can raise a few thousand coins, which should be enough for our schooling fees for three years. But we all must be united in purpose. If there’s division or someone with a hidden agenda, this will not work!”
Everyone responded in unison: “Sister is right! If we are not united, we will not succeed.”
Zhenhua asked: “How will we meet and how will we break free?”
Xinghua said: “May 8th is my aunt’s birthday. We can use this opportunity to gather and bring some jewelry with us. But as for how to break free, we need to ask Sister Huang for her advice.”
Ju Rui replied: “I’ve already planned everything. It’s simple. Isn’t it a good idea?”
Everyone whispered in agreement: “Brilliant!”
Ju Rui continued: “On that day, we must gather without fail. If even one person is missing, we won’t be able to proceed.”
Everyone nodded in agreement. Ju Rui then spoke about foot-binding, and everyone agreed, except Zhenhua, who seemed hesitant, fearing that removing the foot binding might look improper. Ju Rui explained the harm of foot-binding:
“Foot-binding is a shameful tradition, causing lasting harm to the body. The bones break and muscles shrink, causing constant pain. How can one walk freely? Over time, one becomes weak and sickly. If someone tries to escape, they cannot even move. We rely entirely on servants to assist us. After walking a short distance, our feet ache like they’re being drawn into pus. We sit all day like clay statues, and in times of trouble, we become prisoners. When we try to run, we cannot even move, and we are left at the mercy of others.
“Some men like their wives’ tiny feet, but they don’t know that this often leads to abandoning their wives for a newer, more fashionable woman. This becomes a cycle of degradation. A man might go for a younger concubine, abandoning his previous lover. But the truth is, tiny feet cannot help a woman’s worries. Why not just untie them and walk freely?”
When Ju Rui spoke, everyone agreed, and Zhenhua laughed, saying: “This is not just a single argument; where did this brilliant argument come from? Awakening from our ignorance, we should spread this message widely. Let all of us, the women of the inner chambers, awaken from the old, foolish habits. Once we wash away the slave mentality, we will rise up, pursuing education and independence.”
Zhenhua added: “Now we understand that women are not useless. With independence, we can stand shoulder to shoulder with men. From now on, we will break free from despair, and reform doesn’t require weapons or violence. Once we learn, we can support ourselves. With no dependence on anyone, we will no longer worry. If we live in freedom, it’s much better than staying in a cage. With independence, we can be like the phoenix, free to soar.”
Everyone praised her words, saying: “Indeed, this is the way forward.”
At that moment, Xiurong, seeing the sadness on the faces of the young ladies, felt suspicious and decided to quietly listen at the door. She overheard everything clearly and was deeply moved. She thought: “The mistress loves these young ladies dearly. Why not test her attitude? If she agrees, I can avoid being punished for the jewelry. If not, I might have to take some risks and secretly help.”
As the mistress had come to ask for a donation for her son’s official position, she had brought along more than ten thousand in gold and silver. Only I knew where she kept it. I could steal this for their education; it would last for years, and I’d still have plenty left. Besides, the mistress’s family is wealthy, and this small sum wouldn’t make much of a difference to them. I am willing to suffer a few beatings to do this.”
Having made her decision, she approached the mistress’s bedroom. The guests had left, and the room was quiet. She spoke: “Misses, you are all so sad, shedding tears.”
Mother Bao, surprised, asked: “Why are you crying?”
Xiurong replied: “It’s because women suffer so much. We have no education, no rights. Once we marry, we are abused by our in-laws. Our lives are often ruined by a bad marriage, and we end up enduring hardships. Everyone suffers, and that’s why we are so sad.”
Mother Bao laughed: “That’s ridiculous. They are just too foolish. If I had been in charge, I would never have married my son off for money. I would have chosen a talented wife for him.”
Xiurong replied: “It’s not just that. It’s because Miss Huang spoke about foreign countries where women and men both go to school. Education is equal, and women can learn skills to support themselves. Many women run businesses, teach, or work as engineers. There are female conductors, ticket sellers, doctors, and bankers. Women are independent, and they do not need men to depend on.”
“I fear that the madam might not agree, which is why I am so troubled. I wonder why the madam does not consent to let the young lady study abroad in the East for three years. First, it will fulfill the young lady's wishes and prevent her from worrying herself sick, which could harm her health and make the madam anxious. Second, after gaining knowledge, the young lady will acquire a reputation, and that will be the madam's glory, won’t it?”
The young lady had always been determined and hated being a woman. Her ambitions were grand, but her opportunities were limited, and she couldn’t escape the oppressive circle of servitude. After hearing these words, it felt like spring after a long winter, like coming back to life after being dead. It was as though she had been enlightened. She sought to gain knowledge and skills, to pursue the equality of men and women, to break free from suffering, and to achieve freedom and joy. From now on, she would no longer let her talents go to waste. She wouldn’t allow them to remain hidden. She was determined not to be constrained anymore, as it might create new problems. If the madam cared for her, she hoped she would think this through.
Madam Bao replied, “Nonsense! A daughter only needs to be able to compose poetry and write verses, what use would it be to study abroad? She has never left my side; would I be willing to send her far away?”
Xiurong respectfully replied again, “Madam, you misunderstand. If you fear the separation, you must understand that marriage is inevitable. Naturally, she will marry into another family, and a mother and daughter can’t stay together forever. If the mother-in-law is cruel, or if the husband is indifferent, even if the madam regrets it, there will be nothing she can do. Then both mother and daughter will suffer, and tears will be shed in different places. Would it not be better if the young lady could become independent and support herself, without relying on anyone? That would be true civilization and happiness. If she succeeds in the world, the madam will earn a reputation as a virtuous mother. If she achieves greatness, then that will be the true expression of your love for her.”
Madam Bao fell silent for a moment after hearing this, then suddenly shouted, “You foolish girl! My family has wealth; I would never make my daughter support herself. When she marries, I will bring a son-in-law into our family, but I will not send my daughter out of the house. How could I endure such a thing? The young lady has only heard Miss Huang's words, and that is why she is saying such things. Let me ask you this: how could several young girls travel such a long distance? Aren’t you talking nonsense? Don’t say any more, go quickly and prepare the banquet!”
Xiurong withdrew silently, dejected, with a deep sigh. She thought to herself: “The madam still doesn’t understand; this stubbornness is unwise. I must secretly make plans, for the sake of the young lady, and also to repay the Huang family’s kindness. I must show my gratitude. As for me, I am determined to help the young lady. We are of the same kind, after all. What will become of this?”
Chapter Six: Breaking Boundaries and Venturing to the Islands, Rising Against Tyranny with Heroic Resolve
Sitting idly by the window, countless emotions arise,Who will rise to save the times with ambition in their eyes?Sighing over wasted years before the wine-filled jar,Yet the blade at my elbow remains unmastered so far.Heroes grow old in quiet neglect, hearts filled with sorrow,Shamed by their homeland’s fate, hard to suppress the woe.A thousand measures of tears flow like an endless tide,Facing the wind, how many times has anger swelled inside?
Previously, it was mentioned that the people in the Bao household had devised a plan for their escape. It was the eighth day of the fifth lunar month, the birthday of the Bao family’s matriarch. Though living as guests in another place, a few visitors still arrived for the occasion. Among them were Madame Zuo and her daughter, Miss Jiang, as well as Huang Yaju and Ju Rui. The formal bows and greetings were performed as expected, though the tedious customs and rituals were exhausting.
Ai Qun spoke to his mother, saying, “Today, I wish to visit the temple to pray to Guanyin for blessings upon you, hoping that you remain free of illness. This is my sincere wish.”
Madame Bao, a lifelong devotee of Buddhism, nodded and agreed at once. She instructed Xiurong to accompany them. Huang, Jiang, and Miss Zuo also expressed their desire to go along, saying they would only be gone for a short while before returning. Bao’s daughter then invited Liang Xiaoyu, asking, “Would you like to join us, sister?”
Xiaoyu promptly accepted, though Madame Liang remained silent, suppressing her displeasure. Madame Zuo, unable to refuse in front of the other ladies, reluctantly agreed. Without waiting for further permission, the group set off. Madame Bao instructed them to return quickly so as not to delay the banquet. The young ladies gave repeated assurances and, carried in their sedan chairs, departed like drifting clouds.
Upon arriving at the temple, they stepped down from their chairs, and Xiurong instructed the bearers to wait in the front hall. The group entered and pretended to worship the Bodhisattva, then used the excuse of making a donation to dismiss the monks. At the rear entrance, they found Elder Yu waiting with a carriage. After exchanging a few parting words, Xiurong, with tears in her eyes, urged the young ladies to take care. She then watched as they boarded the carriage, her heart heavy with sorrow. Dazed and reluctant, she lingered until sunset before returning home, where an uproar had already broken out.
Later, Madame Bao interrogated Xiurong, uncovering the full truth. Yet, despite their fury, the families could do nothing. Some vented their anger with curses, others wept in distress, but ultimately, they were all powerless to change what had happened.
Meanwhile, the young women boarded the ship, and at the sound of three steam whistles, the paddle wheels began to turn. Standing by the railing, they held hands and looked back one last time—thousands of miles away, their homeland was already fading into the evening clouds. Finding kindred spirits among themselves, they engaged in heartfelt conversation, reflecting on their aspirations. Witnessing such a moment, even a mere scribe could not help but feel elation, and thus these rustic verses arose effortlessly:
Breaking free from constraints, how bold is a woman’s will!Across a thousand miles, she carves new paths with skill.Ten thousand miles she rides the wind, her spirit soaring high,Someday she’ll lift her homeland up, a bell of freedom nigh!
Without further words, they journeyed eastward. Upon arrival, fellow townspeople greeted them at the station and arranged accommodations. Settling in, they changed their attire and prepared themselves with composure. They hired a female tutor to teach them the local language and devoted themselves to diligent study. Additionally, the community of compatriots warmly welcomed them and offered high praise.
The young women took to the stage, delivering speeches that captivated audiences with their eloquence. Among them, Huang Yaju stood out and took on a new name—Huang Hanxiong. Her chivalrous spirit and heroic ambition were unparalleled, her words sharp and insightful. Liang Xiaoyu displayed an unyielding determination, both she and Huang sharing a resolve to engage in military endeavors. Though Zuo, Jiang, and Bao appeared somewhat less resolute, they too possessed great intellect and strong aspirations.
Such women were rare, surpassing even many men. Before them, even the most seasoned scholars and warriors had reason to feel ashamed. Visitors often came to converse with them, noting that their words and demeanor set them apart, exuding a remarkable aura of confidence and conviction.
All the students deeply admired them, and their reputation soared. At that time, the young women were all attending school. However, due to the large number of students, it was inconvenient to converse freely on campus, so they rented a separate room for private discussions while attending school as day students.
As time flew by, autumn arrived in October. One day, it was a school-free Sunday, and they were leisurely spending their time when suddenly, a servant delivered a visiting card—guests had arrived requesting an audience. The visitors were a man named Lu Benxiu and another named Shi Jingou. Without delay, they invited them in, and two spirited young men entered. The group sat in a circle on the floor, and a cup of clear tea was served.
They engaged in discussions about academics and national affairs. Suddenly, Lu let out a deep sigh and said:
"Our country has already fallen to the Manchus.[1] Observing today’s situation, I fear we will soon become slaves to the white race as well. And yet, our compatriots in the mainland, as well as many patriotic figures elsewhere, remain in a drunken slumber—what a tragedy!"
Jiang Zhenhua quickly asked, "How has our country already fallen to the Manchus?"
Shi Jingou urgently replied, "Do you think the emperor of our current dynasty is of Han ethnicity? He belongs to the nomadic Manchu tribe, who took advantage of internal strife within our dynasty to usurp the throne. Even the third prince, who fled to Burma, was killed by them. As for the first and second princes, they had already been executed long before. Now, only a single young prince remains in hiding, whereabouts unknown. Meanwhile, there is a group of shameless traitors who actively hunt down their own kind, all in pursuit of favor from the foreign rulers."
Hearing this, Huang and Liang furiously struck the ground, exclaiming, "We never knew that the throne was occupied by Manchus! Are they not our Han people's mortal enemies? And yet, we still wear the crown they bestow upon us? How shameful! Though we may lack power now, we swear to drive out these vile invaders, even if it costs us our lives. But alas, without an organized group, this cannot be accomplished by just a few individuals. What can we do?"
They let out several heavy sighs, wiping away tears in silence. Seeing their passion, Lu and Shi were secretly pleased and were about to speak further when Ai Qun suddenly asked, "What is the sentiment of the people in the mainland and among the patriotic figures across various regions?"
Lu Benxiu replied, "The people in the mainland do not distinguish between ethnicities. They blindly flatter the Manchus, calling themselves 'loyal subjects' and 'patriots.' There is even a faction called the 'Royalist Party' that reveres their oppressors as if they were their own fathers while ruthlessly persecuting their fellow Han compatriots. The reformists and revolutionaries are divided into two factions. The royalists, I won’t even bother discussing them—they are all driven by personal gain, their consciences darkened by greed. They seek to ingratiate themselves with the Manchus in pursuit of wealth and status, yet they fail to realize that the Manchus have an internal boundary—no matter how much these royalists flatter them, they are still not seen as equals. The Manchu official named Gang once said, 'It is better to give land to friends than to slaves.' Here, 'friends' refers to foreign nations, while 'slaves' refers to us Han people. Tell me, is this not utterly infuriating?"
He continued, "As for the revolutionaries, there are true ones and false ones. The false revolutionaries do nothing but talk about grand ideals on paper, using the movement as a means to gain fame and wealth. They deceive the ignorant masses and align themselves with the royalists for their own interests. If the Manchu court offers them a few hundred silver taels a month or grants them a bureaucratic title, they will shamelessly bow and scrape, forgetting all about their so-called cause of 'anti-Manchu' and 'revolution.' They even take pride in their betrayal. Are such people not deserving of death?
"The true revolutionaries, however, fight solely to avenge our ancestors and reclaim our lost lands. They seek to restore happiness to the Han people, not for personal fame or gain. They fear neither death nor hardship, and their only goal is to take back what has been stolen from us. They refuse to be slaves to another race—these are the true revolutionaries."
Huang Hanxiong suddenly asked, "Do you know of such true revolutionaries? If they exist, I am willing to join them, offering my life and body for the cause of my people without hesitation."
Shi Jingou responded, "And what of the rest of you?"
Liang, Zuo, Jiang, and Bao all replied in unison, "Wherever Huang goes, we shall follow! We are of one heart, without hesitation or doubt!"
Lu and Shi looked at each other in astonishment and said, "We did not expect you all to have such determination and unity. In that case, we shall immediately seek out like-minded allies. If you are willing to take an oath, we will arrange for your introduction."
The five of them raised their hands to the sky and swore an oath. Lu and Shi rejoiced.
At that moment, they began to introduce the members of the society:
"The movement for restoration has been in existence for several years. Its founder bears the surname Yue—he is a direct descendant of the great General Yue Fei, known as Han Zhong, a man of exceptional bravery and martial prowess. Currently, the society is led by Han, a descendant of Han Shizhong, the Prince of Qi. His full name is Wu Chaoqun, a man of extraordinary abilities.
"Additionally, we have literary and military talents such as Song, Xie, Zhao, Huang, Fu, and Zhang Hanchen. Other key figures include Li Qi, Zhao Wu, Zhang Zujie, Qian Shansu, and Xiong Xilin. Zhang Jiquan and Zong Xizu continue the legacy, along with Mu Jia, a descendant of the Sun family. Zheng Shengwu, Zhang Youzhen, and the devoted Zhang Huangsheng also play pivotal roles. They are all descendants of loyal ministers and are indispensable to our cause.
"My own ancestor is Shi Kefa, who sacrificed himself for the Ming dynasty and was buried in Meiling. The ancestor of Lu Sujun, Xiufu, also perished for the country by drowning himself on the shores. When the Song dynasty fell to the Yuan, it was to foreign invaders; today, once again, we see the throne occupied by non-Han rulers. Thinking of this brings us to tears, yet our fellow countrymen remain ignorant and blind to this reality."
Huang Hanxiong asked, "Besides these individuals, are there other members in the society?"
Shi Jingou replied, "The society has many members. These ten or so individuals are the core leaders, possessing both intelligence and courage. The most outstanding among them are Han and Yue. Our total membership numbers in the thousands, and our influence grows with each passing year. However, our greatest difficulty lies in financial support—without money, nothing can be accomplished. Among us, only Wen Jun possesses substantial wealth. Additionally, Yue, Han, Zhang, Li, and Er have already sacrificed their family fortunes to support the movement. But the cost of an uprising is vast, and even the daily operational expenses require silver. We are constantly struggling with financial shortages—how can a cup of water put out a blazing fire?
"Recently, we have been planning a major operation, though its success remains uncertain. Both of us are responsible for recruiting comrades, and we have members operating throughout the mainland. The Guangdong branch is led by the Shi family—his elder brother has already sacrificed himself for the cause. In Hunan, Sun Hua and Ma Kai lead the movement, while in Hubei, Jia Qiming is in charge. Anhui’s efforts are overseen by Wu Ziqiang and Wan Youfu. In Jiangnan, the recruitment division is managed by Feng Yun. In Zhejiang, the leaders are from the Chai and Qi families. In Sichuan, Zou Xiaorong takes charge.
"In Gansu, Shaanxi, and Henan, Wang, Li, and Chen are well-known for their bravery. In Shanxi, Lu Zeng takes on key responsibilities, while in Shandong, Xu and Xie handle operations. Guizhou and Yunnan, being more remote regions, are under the leadership of Yang in Yunnan and Jin in Guizhou."
The narrative ends here, as its author was executed for her own revolutionary activities before the completion of this novel.
[1] 胡人, a term used to designate non-Han “barbarians” from the steppes. Historically, it has referred to many different groups of people, such as Persians, Sogdians, Scythians, among others, and here, refers to the Manchu ethnicity who ruled over the Qing Dynasty.
Comments